Perfumery & aromatics / 13th century / Kingdom A&S 2023
Basil and Cucumber Water
A 13th-century Syrian steam-bath scent made from basil, cucumber, and rose water.

Source
Scents and Flavors: A Syrian Cookbook, edited and translated by Charles Perry, recipe 10.30.
Question
What does a recipe promising the smell of cucumber and basil out of season actually produce?
Materials
- Fresh basil
- Thin-skinned cucumbers
- Damask rose water
- Distilled water
Method
- Grew basil and cucumbers, then supplemented with store-bought material when the garden did not produce enough.
- Washed and prepared basil leaves, chopped cucumbers, and sprayed the basil with rose water.
- Distilled the mixture in a modern pot still with a thumper setup.
- Collected a primary run for 30 minutes after boiling and a weaker secondary run afterward.
Observations
- The primary run had the strongest aromatic character.
- The secondary run was much weaker, which suggests repeat distillation may matter if a stronger scent is desired.
- The result leaned more cucumber-forward than expected.
Result
- The primary distillate was pleasant, fresh, and a bit too cucumber-forward.
- The secondary run was weaker but still useful information rather than a failure.
Uncertainty
- The source gives limited procedural detail.
- A modern still stands in for a period copper al-anbiq.
- Leaf processing and rose-water quantity may change the result.
References
- Perry, Charles, ed. and trans. Scents and Flavors: A Syrian Cookbook.
Next
- Repeat with a copper alembic and better plant processing.
